Dilution Calculator
Calculate how to dilute a concentrated solution to a desired final volume or concentration.
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Calculate Stock Solution Volumes for Accurate Dilutions
Our Dilution Calculator quickly determines the volume of stock solution needed to achieve a desired final concentration and volume, essential for lab work and chemical mixing.
What is a Dilution Calculator?
A Dilution Calculator is a crucial tool for chemists, biologists, and technicians who need to prepare solutions of a specific concentration from a more concentrated stock solution. It automates the M1V1 = M2V2 equation, allowing users to easily figure out how much of the stock solution and how much of the diluent (like water or a buffer) are needed to create a new solution with the desired final concentration and volume.
How It Works: The M1V1 = M2V2 Formula
The calculator is based on the fundamental dilution equation:
M1 × V1 = M2 × V2- M1: Concentration of the initial stock solution.
- V1: Volume of the initial stock solution needed (this is what you often solve for).
- M2: Desired final concentration of the new solution.
- V2: Desired final volume of the new solution.
Our calculator rearranges this formula to solve for V1: V1 = (M2 × V2) / M1.
- Enter Stock Concentration (C1): Input the concentration of your starting solution.
- Enter Final Volume (V2): Input the total volume you want to make.
- Enter Final Concentration (C2): Input the target concentration of your new solution.
- Calculate: The tool calculates the required volume of the stock solution (V1) and the volume of solvent needed.
Interpreting the Results: Preparing Your Solution
The calculator provides two key results: the **volume of stock solution to use** and the **volume of solvent to add**. To prepare your final solution, you would measure out the calculated volume of your stock solution and add the calculated volume of your solvent (e.g., water) to reach your desired total volume.
Common Dilution Errors
- Mixing Up Units: A common mistake is using different units for M1 and M2 (e.g., molar vs. millimolar) or V1 and V2 without converting. Our calculator handles this, but it's always good practice to be consistent.
- Adding Volume Incorrectly: Some people mistakenly add the calculated stock volume (V1) to the final volume (V2), rather than adding the stock volume to the calculated solvent volume.
- Ignoring Temperature Effects: For highly precise work, remember that the volume of liquids can change slightly with temperature, which can affect concentration.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the formula for dilution?
The dilution formula is M1V1 = M2V2, where M1 is the concentration of the stock solution, V1 is the volume of the stock solution, M2 is the concentration of the final solution, and V2 is the volume of the final solution. Our Dilution Calculator helps you solve for any of these variables.
How do you calculate a 1:10 dilution?
A 1:10 dilution means you are mixing 1 part of the stock solution with 9 parts of the diluent (e.g., water) for a total of 10 parts. For example, to make 100 mL of a 1:10 dilution, you would use 10 mL of the stock solution and 90 mL of the diluent.
How much stock solution do I need?
To find the amount of stock solution needed, use the formula V1 = (M2 × V2) / M1. Our Dilution Calculator can solve for this V1 value automatically when you input the other three known variables.
What is a serial dilution?
A serial dilution is a series of dilutions performed sequentially to create a range of concentrations. For example, you might perform a series of 1:10 dilutions to create solutions that are 1/10th, 1/100th, 1/1000th, etc., of the original stock concentration. Our calculator includes a tab for planning serial dilutions.
Tips for Accurate Dilutions
- Use Precise Glassware: For best results, use volumetric flasks and pipettes for accurate measurements.
- Mix Thoroughly: Ensure the final solution is completely mixed to achieve a uniform concentration.
- Label Everything: Clearly label your stock solutions and all new dilutions with the substance name, concentration, and date.
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